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81.
The roughness parameters on the material ratio curves were related to tactile roughness for samples of buna and mizunara. The surfaces of the samples were sanded using various grades of coated abrasives and the roughness parameters, reduced peak height (Rpk), core roughness depth (Rk), and reduced valley depth (Rvk), were estimated on the material ratio curves, which were obtained from roughness profiles determined using robust Gaussian regression filter. The values of Rpk and Rk were almost the same for buna and mizunara under the same sanding conditions and increased exponentially with tactile roughness. The coefficients of determination of those parameters and tactile roughness were higher than 0.79 at all cutoff wavelengths. On the other hand, the value of Rvk for mizunara was significantly larger than that for buna because of the deep local valleys. There was no relationship between Rvk and tactile roughness for both species. 相似文献
82.
Yuko Emoto Katsuhiko Yoshizawa Yuichi Kinoshita Michiko Yuki Takashi Yuri Airo Tsubura 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2016,29(1):67-71
To evaluate the potential role of genetic background in the susceptibility to retinal degeneration induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), female rats of the Sprague-Dawley (SD), Long-Evans (LE) and Copenhagen (CH) strains were administered 50 mg/kg MNU or saline at 7 weeks of age. Retina morphology and morphometric analysis of all rats was performed 7 days after MNU administration. Atrophy of both the peripheral and central outer retina occurred in all rat strains exposed to MNU. Decreased photoreceptor cell ratio and increased retinal damage ratio were observed. The severities of the retinal atrophy were similar among all three rat strains. In conclusion, MNU-induced photoreceptor degeneration developed consistently in all three strains regardless of the absence (SD rats) or presence (LE and CH rats) of melanin in the retina, suggesting that genetic and melanin factors did not affect photoreceptor cell death after MNU. 相似文献
83.
Kazuhiko Mochida Katsutoshi Ito Kumiko Kono Toshimitsu Onduka Akira Kakuno Kazunori Fujii 《Fisheries Science》2010,76(2):333-341
The effects of organotin compounds on marine organisms, especially on their reproduction, are a continuing source of concern.
We performed full-life-cycle exposure tests of tributyltin oxide (TBTO) at sub-lethal concentrations (0.13, 0.25, 0.5 and
1.0 μg/l) using a marine fish, the mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus, and studied the toxic effects of exposure to TBTO at various life-cycle stages of the fish. The effect of TBTO was initially
studied on sex differentiation and then on spermatogenesis in maturing fish. A mating experiment was performed to determine
the effects of exposure on the fecundity of female fish, fertilization success, and the hatch of the F1 generation. In all experimental groups, TBTO exposure resulted in a tendency toward a male-biased sex ratio and caused a
significant increase in the frequency at which apoptotic cells appeared in the testes. Exposure to 1.0 μg/l TBTO resulted
in a significant decrease in fecundity, but no significant effect was found on the fertilization ratio. Time to hatch and
hatchability of the F1 generation were markedly affected in some exposure groups. These results indicate that long-term exposure of the mummichog
to TBTO affects not only gonadal sex differentiation and spermatogenesis but also spawning and egg quality. 相似文献
84.
Inhibitory effect of (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate, a polyphenol of green tea, on neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro and in vivo 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Takano K Nakaima K Nitta M Shibata F Nakagawa H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(14):4571-4576
The effect of (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG), a major polyphenol of green tea, on neutrophil migration has been studied using multiwell-type Boyden chambers in vitro and a fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled ovalbumin (FITC-OVA)-induced rat allergic inflammation model in vivo. EGCG inhibited rat neutrophil chemotaxis toward cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1) in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, CINC-1-induced neutrophil chemotaxis was suppressed by the pretreatment of rat neutrophils with EGCG at the concentration over 15 microg/mL. EGCG caused concentration-dependent suppression of the transient increase in CINC-1-induced intracellular free calcium level in both rat neutrophils and rat CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2)-transfected HEK 293 cells. EGCG inhibited CINC-1 production by IL-1beta-stimulated rat fibroblasts (NRK-49F cells) and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rat macrophages at the concentration over 50 microg/mL, a comparatively high concentration. Oral administration of EGCG (1.0 mg or 1.5 mg/rat) at 1 h before the challenge with FITC-OVA suppressed neutrophil infiltration into the air pouch (inflammatory site) in the air-pouch type FITC-OVA-induced allergic inflammation in rats. Chemokine levels in the pouch fluids, however, were not influenced by EGCG administration. The results suggest that EGCG suppressed neutrophil infiltration by a direct action on neutrophils, but not by indirect actions, including the suppression of chemokine production at the inflammatory site. 相似文献
85.
为了探明家蚕(Bombyx mori)肾脏形卵的胚子不能正常发育的原因。使用FDD(flourescent different display)法对ki(kidney)基因同质型与异质型的母蛾所产未受精卵及受精24h卵的mRNA进行了差异显示研究。通过137组引物组合进行FDD差异显示,结果检出8254条扩增带。其中未受精卵与受精后24h卵之间的差异片段为206条,占总片段数的2.5%,而ki同质型与ki异质型的差异片段为141条,占总片段数的1.7%,其余的95.8%的扩增片段为4方共有,并且约60%的差异带是比较清晰的。回收了较明显的差异片段计199条,占总扩增带数的2.4%,并对其中部分差异片段进行序列分析表明,其中5个克隆序列分析为:small heat shock proteins,proprotein convertase,cancer antigen like protein fusion RNA-binding protein及receptor like protein kinase同源序列,其余5个克隆序列未发现同源性,可能是新基因。 相似文献
86.
Michiya Matsuyama Shinji Adachi Yoshitaka Nagahama Katsuhiko Maruyama Shuhei Matsura 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1990,8(4):329-338
Ovarian developmental stages and serum steroid hormone levels were examined at six different times of day (0100, 0600, 1000,
1300, 1600, 2000 h) in a marine teleost, the Japanese whiting Sillago japonica, which has an asynchronous-type ovary containing oocytes at various stages of development and spawns every day during a period
ranging up to three months. The largest oocytes in the ovaries at the active vitellogenic or post-vitellogenic stages were
found between 0100 and 1300 h. Oocyte maturation indicated by germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) occurred at 1600 h, and ovulated
oocytes were observed in the ovaries collected at 2000 h. These processes were accompanied by a significant daily change in
serum steroid hormone levels. The serum level of estradiol-17β showed a peak in fish with mature oocytes sampled at 1600 h.
In these fish, the second-largest oocytes in the ovaries were at the initial stage of vigorous vitellogenesis, the secondary
yolk stage. Therefore the highest level of serum estradiol-17β was considered to be due to the second-largest oocytes. Testosterone
levels remained low and constant throughout the experimental period. The serum levels of 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one
(17α,20β-diOHprog) peaked at 1600 h at which time all fish had mature oocytes. These results indicate that the Japanese whiting
possesses a diurnal rhythm of oocyte development including vitellogenesis, oocyte maturation and ovulation, and further suggest
that daily cycles in oocyte growth and maturation which simultaneously take place in an ovary are regulated by diurnal secretions
of estradiol-17β and the maturation-inducing steroid, 17α,20β-diOHprog. 相似文献
87.
Naoki Negishi Katsuhiko Nakahama Nobuaki Urata Mikiko Kojima Hitoshi Sakakibara Akiyoshi Kawaoka 《New Forests》2014,45(4):577-587
Eucalyptus globulus is the one of the most economically important trees for pulp and paper industries due to its fast growth and short harvesting cycle. However, E. globulus is well known as a woody plant that is hard to propagate vegetatively. In this study, we found wide distribution of rooting ability among seven independent genotypes we tested. Analysis of the mechanism of adventitious rooting by using the auxin transport inhibitor, N-naphthylphthalamic acid, revealed that polar auxin transport is crucial in root formation. The gravitropism of the stem was highly correlated to the percentage of adventitious root formation. Hormonal analysis showed that the levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were the same between difficult-to-root and easy-to-root genotypes, whereas levels of IAAsp (indole-3-acetyl aspartic acid) were higher in the difficult-to-root genotype, indicating that IAA metabolism might play an important role in adventitious root formation in this species. Levels of several cytokinins exhibited differences between genotypes that varied in their cutting performance and rooting ability. Furthermore, higher level of cytokinin in elongating shoots were correlated with rooting percentage. Taken together, our results indicate that both auxins and cytokinins play a role in adventitious root formation in E. globulus, and that a complex interplay between the levels of auxins and cytokinins and their metabolism might result in root formation in this commercially important plant. 相似文献
88.
Izumi S Ouchi S Kuge T Arai H Mito T Fujii H Aranishi F Shimizu A 《Journal of fish diseases》2007,30(3):141-147
A novel genotyping method for epizootiological studies of bacterial cold-water disease caused by Flavobacterium psychrophilum and associated with quinolone resistance was developed. Polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was performed on 244 F. psychrophilum isolates from various fish species. PCR was performed with primer pair GYRA-FP1F and GYRA-FP1R amplifying the A subunit of the DNA gyrase (GyrA) gene, which contained the quinolone resistance determining region. Digestion of PCR products with the restriction enzyme Mph1103I showed two genotypes, QR and QS. The difference between these genotypes was amino acid substitutions at position 83 of GyrA (Escherichia coli numbering). The genotype QR indicated an alanine residue at this position associated with quinolone resistance in F. psychrophilum isolates. Of the 244 isolates tested in this study, the number of QR genotype isolates was 153 (62.7%). In isolates from ayu (n=177), 146 (82.5%) were genotype QR. With combination of this technique and previously reported PCR-RFLP genotyping, eight genotypes were observed in F. psychrophilum isolates. Using this genotyping system, the relationships between genotype and host fish species, or locality of isolation, were analysed and are discussed. 相似文献
89.
Synthetic soil conditioners have been studied by many soil scientists, but their studies were mainly on the formation of the water-stable aggregate of soils. But it may be possible that, if synthetic soil conditioners, the water-soluble polymers, are spread on the plowsole of the leaky paddy field, the leakage of water is prevented by the thin layer of the polymer formed by the swelling with irrigation water. 相似文献
90.
Chie Hayakawa Kazumichi Fujii Shinya Funakawa Takashi Kosaki 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(5):663-673
Low molecular weight (LMW) organic compounds in soil solution are easily biodegradable and could fuel respiration by soil microorganisms. Our main aim was to study the mineralization kinetics of monosaccharides using 14C-radiolabelled glucose. Based on these data and the soil solution concentrations of monosaccharides, we evaluated the contribution of monosaccharides to basal respiration for a variety of tropical forest soils. Further, the factors controlling the mineralization kinetics of monosaccharides were examined by comparing tropical and temperate forest soils. Monosaccharides comprised on average 5.2 to 47.7% of dissolved organic carbon in soil solution. Their kinetic parameters (V max and KM ), which were described by a single Michaelis-Menten equation, varied widely from 11 to 152?nmol?g?1?h?1 and 198 to 1294?µmol?L?1 for tropical soils, and from 182 to 400?nmol?g?1?h?1 and 1277 to 3150?µmol?L?1 for temperate soils, respectively. The values of V max increased with increasing microbial biomass-C in tropical and temperate soils, while the KM values had no correlations with soil biological or physicochemical properties. The positive correlation between V max values and microbial biomass-C indicates that microbial biomass-C is an essential factor to regulate the V max values in tropical and temperate forest soils. The biodegradation kinetics of monosaccharides indicate that the microbial capacity of monosaccharide mineralization far exceeds its rate at soil solution concentration. Monosaccharides in soil solution are rapidly mineralized, and their mean residence times in this study were very short (0.4–1.9?h) in tropical forests. The rates of monosaccharide mineralization at actual soil solution concentrations made up 22–118% of basal respiration. Probably because of the rapid and continuous production and consumption of monosaccharides, monosaccharide mineralization is shown to be a dominant fraction of basal respiration in tropical forest soils, as well as in temperate and boreal forest soils. 相似文献